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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Steroids 2013 ; 78 (2): 127-36 Nephropedia Template TP
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Vitamin D receptor signaling mechanisms: Integrated actions of a well-defined transcription factor #MMPMID23178257
Carlberg C; Campbell MJ
Steroids 2013[Feb]; 78 (2): 127-36 PMID23178257show ga
The main physiological actions of the biologically most active metabolite of vitamin D, 1?,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1?,25(OH)2D3), are calcium and phosphorus uptake and transport and thereby controlling bone formation. Other emergent areas of 1?,25(OH)2D3 action are in the control of immune functions, cellular growth and differentiation. All genomic actions of 1?,25(OH)2D3 are mediated by the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR) that has been the subject of intense study since the 1980?s. Thus, vitamin D signaling primarily implies the molecular actions of the VDR. In this review, we present different perspectives on the VDR that incorporate its role as transcription factor and member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, its dynamic changes in genome-wide locations and DNA binding modes, its interaction with chromatin components and its primary protein-coding and non-protein coding target genes and finally how these aspects are united in regulatory networks. By comparing the actions of the VDR, a relatively well-understood and characterized protein, with those of other transcription factors, we aim to build a realistic positioning of vitamin D signaling in the context of other intracellular signaling systems.