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2015 ; 25
(6
): e1445
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Oral Zinc Sulfate as Adjuvant Treatment in Children With Nephrolithiasis: a
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
#MMPMID26635934
Yousefichaijan P
; Cyrus A
; Dorreh F
; Rafeie M
; Sharafkhah M
; Frohar F
; Safi F
Iran J Pediatr
2015[Dec]; 25
(6
): e1445
PMID26635934
show ga
BACKGROUND: Nephrolithiasis in children is associated with a high rate of
complications and recurrence. OBJECTIVES: Since some evidences reported that zinc
has an important place amongst inhibitors of crystallization and crystal growth,
we decided to assess the effectiveness of oral zinc sulfate as adjuvant treatment
in children with nephrolithiasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 102 children in the age range 1
month to 11 years with first nephrolithiasis were recruited. Patients were
randomly divided into two equal groups (intervention and control groups).
Intervention group received conservative measures for stones and 1 mg/kg/day
(maximum 20 mg/day) oral zinc sulfate syrup for 3 months. Control group received
placebo in addition to conservative measures, also for 3 months. Patients were
followed up by ultrasonography for 9 months, in 5 steps (at the end of 1st, 2nd,
3rd, 6th and 9th month after treatment) assessing size and number of stones in
the kidneys. RESULTS: Only at the end of the first month, the average number
(intervention: 1.15 ± 3.78, control: 1.3 ± 2.84) (P = 0.001) and size (cm)
(intervention: 0.51 ± 1.76, control: 0.62 ± 1.39) (P = 0.001) of stones was
significantly lower in the intervention group, and in other points there was no
significant therapeutic efficacy in oral zinc adjuvant treatment compared to
conservative treatment alone. Also, during the 9-month follow-up, the number and
size of stones in both groups decreased significantly (both: P < 0.0001) in a way
that the decrease in the intervention group showed no difference with the control
group. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant treatment with zinc is not more effective than
consecutive treatment in children with nephrolithiasis. However, further studies
are recommended due to the lack of clinical evidence in this field.