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2015 ; 148
(2
): 460-72
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Mining the Archives: A Cross-Platform Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in
Archival Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues
#MMPMID26361796
Webster AF
; Zumbo P
; Fostel J
; Gandara J
; Hester SD
; Recio L
; Williams A
; Wood CE
; Yauk CL
; Mason CE
Toxicol Sci
2015[Dec]; 148
(2
): 460-72
PMID26361796
show ga
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples represent a potentially
invaluable resource for transcriptomic research. However, use of FFPE samples in
genomic studies has been limited by technical challenges resulting from nucleic
acid degradation. Here we evaluated gene expression profiles derived from
fresh-frozen (FRO) and FFPE mouse liver tissues preserved in formalin for
different amounts of time using 2 DNA microarray protocols and 2
whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) library preparation methodologies. The
ribo-depletion protocol outperformed the other methods by having the highest
correlations of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and best overlap of
pathways, between FRO and FFPE groups. The effect of sample time in formalin
(18?h or 3 weeks) on gene expression profiles indicated that test article
treatment, not preservation method, was the main driver of gene expression
profiles. Meta- and pathway analyses indicated that biological responses were
generally consistent for 18 h and 3 week FFPE samples compared with FRO samples.
However, clear erosion of signal intensity with time in formalin was evident, and
DEG numbers differed by platform and preservation method. Lastly, we investigated
the effect of time in paraffin on genomic profiles. Ribo-depletion RNA-seq
analysis of 8-, 19-, and 26-year-old control blocks resulted in comparable
quality metrics, including expected distributions of mapped reads to exonic,
untranslated region, intronic, and ribosomal fractions of the transcriptome.
Overall, our results indicate that FFPE samples are appropriate for use in
genomic studies in which frozen samples are not available, and that
ribo-depletion RNA-seq is the preferred method for this type of analysis in
archival and long-aged FFPE samples.