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2015 ; 6
(ä): 603
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T Lymphocyte-Endothelial Interactions: Emerging Understanding of Trafficking and
Antigen-Specific Immunity
#MMPMID26635815
Carman CV
; Martinelli R
Front Immunol
2015[]; 6
(ä): 603
PMID26635815
show ga
Antigen-specific immunity requires regulated trafficking of T cells in and out of
diverse tissues in order to orchestrate lymphocyte development, immune
surveillance, responses, and memory. The endothelium serves as a unique barrier,
as well as a sentinel, between the blood and the tissues, and as such it plays an
essential locally tuned role in regulating T cell migration and information
exchange. While it is well established that chemoattractants and adhesion
molecules are major determinants of T cell trafficking, emerging studies have now
enumerated a large number of molecular players as well as a range of discrete
cellular remodeling activities (e.g., transmigratory cups and invadosome-like
protrusions) that participate in directed migration and pathfinding by T cells.
In addition to providing trafficking cues, intimate cell-cell interaction between
lymphocytes and endothelial cells provide instruction to T cells that influence
their activation and differentiation states. Perhaps the most intriguing and
underappreciated of these "sentinel" roles is the ability of the endothelium to
act as a non-hematopoietic "semiprofessional" antigen-presenting cell. Close
contacts between circulating T cells and antigen-presenting endothelium may play
unique non-redundant roles in shaping adaptive immune responses within the
periphery. A better understanding of the mechanisms directing T cell trafficking
and the antigen-presenting role of the endothelium may not only increase our
knowledge of the adaptive immune response but also empower the utility of
emerging immunomodulatory therapeutics.