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2015 ; 15
(ä): 238
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Autobiographical age awareness disturbance syndrome in autoimmune limbic
encephalitis: two case reports
#MMPMID26589382
Kuroda T
; Futamura A
; Sugimoto A
; Midorikawa A
; Honma M
; Kawamura M
BMC Neurol
2015[Nov]; 15
(ä): 238
PMID26589382
show ga
BACKGROUND: Autobiographical memory is a form of episodic memory characterized by
a sense of time and consciousness that enables an individual to subjectively
re-experience his or her past. As part of this mental re-enactment, the past is
recognized relative to the present. Dysfunction of this memory system may lead to
confusion regarding the present perception of time. CASE PRESENTATION: Two
Japanese women (42 and 55 years old) temporarily believed they were living in
their past during a course of autoimmune limbic encephalitis. Their
autobiographical memories and behaviour reflected their self-estimated age, and
they could not recall memories experienced beyond that age. More surprisingly,
their subjective age estimations and autobiographical memories were transiently
corrected when they were made aware of their true age. Disorientation,
anterograde amnesia, and retrograde amnesia were common additional symptoms.
Neuroimaging suggested disturbances in medial temporal and orbitofrontal brain
regions in both cases. CONCLUSIONS: This syndrome is characterized by three
elements: 1) failure to subjectively recognize the present; 2) inability to
suppress irrelevant past memories; and 3) transient restitution of awareness of
the present through realization of the individual's true age. We defined this
syndrome as 'autobiographical age awareness disturbance', and focused our
investigation on the role of age self-awareness. If recall of relevant and
suppression of irrelevant past memories are both necessary to subjectively
recognize the present relative to the past, dysfunction of medial temporal and
orbitofrontal brain regions is predicted to lead to abnormal subjective placement
in time. However, the subjective experience of age tends to be an important
informational component for retrieving remote autobiographical memories. This
suggests that correct age awareness is essential for the proper recognition of
the remote past in relation to the present. This is the first report to focus on
the relationship between subjective temporal orientation and age self-awareness.
While the role of age awareness in this process is still unclear, investigating
autobiographical age awareness disturbance as a part of subjective temporal
awareness dysfunction can be useful in understanding the processes underlying
human time recognition.