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2015 ; 12
(2
): 128-38
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English Wikipedia
The immunology of human cytomegalovirus latency: could latent infection be
cleared by novel immunotherapeutic strategies?
#MMPMID25132454
Wills MR
; Poole E
; Lau B
; Krishna B
; Sinclair JH
Cell Mol Immunol
2015[Mar]; 12
(2
): 128-38
PMID25132454
show ga
While the host immune response following primary human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)
infection is generally effective at stopping virus replication and dissemination,
virus is never cleared by the host and like all herpesviruses, persists for life.
At least in part, this persistence is known to be facilitated by the ability of
HCMV to establish latency in myeloid cells in which infection is essentially
silent with, importantly, a total lack of new virus production. However, although
the viral transcription programme during latency is much suppressed, a number of
viral genes are expressed during latent infection at the protein level and many
of these have been shown to have profound effects on the latent cell and its
environment. Intriguingly, many of these latency-associated genes are also
expressed during lytic infection. Therefore, why the same potent host immune
responses generated during lytic infection to these viral gene products are not
recognized during latency, thereby allowing clearance of latently infected cells,
is far from clear. Reactivation from latency is also a major cause of
HCMV-mediated disease, particularly in the immune compromised and immune naive,
and is also likely to be a major source of virus in chronic subclinical HCMV
infection which has been suggested to be associated with long-term diseases such
as atherosclerosis and some neoplasias. Consequently, understanding latency and
why latently infected cells appear to be immunoprivileged is crucial for an
understanding of the pathogenesis of HCMV and may help to design strategies to
eliminate latent virus reservoirs, at least in certain clinical settings.