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2015 ; 290
(47
): 28465-28476
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Procollagen Lysyl Hydroxylase 2 Expression Is Regulated by an Alternative
Downstream Transforming Growth Factor ?-1 Activation Mechanism
#MMPMID26432637
Gjaltema RAF
; de Rond S
; Rots MG
; Bank RA
J Biol Chem
2015[Nov]; 290
(47
): 28465-28476
PMID26432637
show ga
PLOD2 (procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2) hydroxylates lysine
residues in collagen telopeptides and is essential for collagen pyridinoline
cross-link formation. PLOD2 expression and subsequent pyridinoline cross-links
are increased in fibrotic pathologies by transforming growth factor ?-1 (TGF?1).
In this report we examined the molecular processes underlying TGF?1-induced PLOD2
expression. We found that binding of the TGF?1 pathway related transcription
factors SMAD3 and SP1-mediated TGF?1 enhanced PLOD2 expression and could be
correlated to an increase of acetylated histone H3 and H4 at the PLOD2 promoter.
Interestingly, the classical co-activators of SMAD3 complexes, p300 and CBP, were
not responsible for the enhanced H3 and H4 acetylation. Depletion of SMAD3
reduced PLOD2 acetylated H3 and H4, indicating that another as of yet
unidentified histone acetyltransferase binds to SMAD3 at PLOD2. Assessing histone
methylation marks at the PLOD2 promoter depicted an increase of the active
histone mark H3K79me2, a decrease of the repressive H4K20me3 mark, but no role
for the generally strong transcription-related modifications: H3K4me3, H3K9me3
and H3K27me3. Collectively, our findings reveal that TGF?1 induces a SP1- and
SMAD3-dependent recruitment of histone modifying enzymes to the PLOD2 promoter
other than the currently known TGF?1 downstream co-activators and epigenetic
modifications. This also suggests that additional activation strategies are used
downstream of the TGF?1 pathway, and hence their unraveling could be of great
importance to fully understand TGF?1 activation of genes.