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2015 ; 290
(47
): 28343-28352
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Amyloid Oligomers and Mature Fibrils Prepared from an Innocuous Protein Cause
Diverging Cellular Death Mechanisms
#MMPMID26221033
Harte NP
; Klyubin I
; McCarthy EK
; Min S
; Garrahy SA
; Xie Y
; Davey GP
; Boland JJ
; Rowan MJ
; Mok KH
J Biol Chem
2015[Nov]; 290
(47
): 28343-28352
PMID26221033
show ga
Despite significant advances, the molecular identity of the cytotoxic species
populated during in vivo amyloid formation crucial for the understanding of
neurodegenerative disorders is yet to be revealed. In this study lysozyme
prefibrillar oligomers and fibrils in both mature and sonicated states have been
isolated through an optimized ultrafiltration/ultracentrifugation method and
characterized with various optical spectroscopic techniques, atomic force
microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. We examined their level and
mode of toxicity on rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in both differentiated and
undifferentiated states. We find that oligomers and fibrils display cytotoxic
capabilities toward cultured cells in vitro, with oligomers producing elevated
levels of cellular injury toward undifferentiated PC12 cells (PC12(undiff)).
Furthermore, dual flow cytometry staining experiments demonstrate that the
oligomers and mature fibrils induce divergent cellular death pathways (apoptosis
and secondary necrosis, respectively) in these PC12 cells. We have also shown
that oligomers but not sonicated mature fibrils inhibit hippocampal long term
potentiation, a form of synaptic plasticity implicated in learning and memory, in
vivo. We conclude that our in vitro and in vivo findings confer a level of
resistance toward amyloid fibrils, and that the PC 12-based comparative
cytotoxicity assay can provide insights into toxicity differences between
differently aggregated protein species.