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2015 ; 16
(6
): 899-906
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Teaching Emotional Intelligence: A Control Group Study of a Brief Educational
Intervention for Emergency Medicine Residents
#MMPMID26594287
Gorgas DL
; Greenberger S
; Bahner DP
; Way DP
West J Emerg Med
2015[Nov]; 16
(6
): 899-906
PMID26594287
show ga
INTRODUCTION: Emotional Intelligence (EI) is defined as an ability to perceive
another's emotional state combined with an ability to modify one's own.
Physicians with this ability are at a distinct advantage, both in fostering teams
and in making sound decisions. Studies have shown that higher physician EI's are
associated with lower incidence of burn-out, longer careers, more positive
patient-physician interactions, increased empathy, and improved communication
skills. We explored the potential for EI to be learned as a skill (as opposed to
being an innate ability) through a brief educational intervention with emergency
medicine (EM) residents. METHODS: This study was conducted at a large urban EM
residency program. Residents were randomized to either EI intervention or control
groups. The intervention was a two-hour session focused on improving the skill of
social perspective taking (SPT), a skill related to social awareness. Due to time
limitations, we used a 10-item sample of the Hay 360 Emotional Competence
Inventory to measure EI at three time points for the training group: before (pre)
and after (post) training, and at six-months post training (follow up); and at
two time points for the control group: pre- and follow up. The preliminary
analysis was a four-way analysis of variance with one repeated measure: Group x
Gender x Program Year over Time. We also completed post-hoc tests. RESULTS:
Thirty-three EM residents participated in the study (33 of 36, 92%), 19 in the EI
intervention group and 14 in the control group. We found a significant
interaction effect between Group and Time (p?0.05). Post-hoc tests revealed a
significant increase in EI scores from Time 1 to 3 for the EI intervention group
(62.6% to 74.2%), but no statistical change was observed for the controls (66.8%
to 66.1%, p=0.77). We observed no main effects involving gender or level of
training. CONCLUSION: Our brief EI training showed a delayed but statistically
significant positive impact on EM residents six months after the intervention
involving SPT. One possible explanation for this finding is that residents
required time to process and apply the EI skills training in order for us to
detect measurable change. More rigorous measurement will be needed in future
studies to aid in the interpretation of our findings.