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2014 ; 1
(3
): 135-45
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Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Pathogenic Mechanisms and
Novel Therapeutic Interventions
#MMPMID26676160
Xu HZ
; Liu YP
; Guleng B
; Ren JL
Gastrointest Tumors
2014[Aug]; 1
(3
): 135-45
PMID26676160
show ga
BACKGROUND: Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of most important
risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Indeed, HBV is considered a
group 1 human carcinogen and is a highly oncogenic agent. HBV cannot be
effectively controlled or completely eliminated, so chronic HBV infection is a
public health challenge worldwide. SUMMARY: It is now believed that HBV-induced
HCC involves a complex interaction between multiple viral and host factors. Many
factors contribute to HBV-associated HCC, including products of HBV, viral
integration and mutation, and host susceptibility. This review outlines the main
pathogenic mechanisms with a focus on those that suggest novel targets for the
prevention and treatment of HCC. KEY MESSAGE: HBV infection is an important risk
factor for HCC. Understanding the interaction between viral and host factors in
HBV-induced HCC will reveal potential targets for future therapies. PRACTICAL
IMPLICATIONS: The two main therapeutic strategies consist of antiviral agents and
immunotherapy-based approaches. Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy is promising
for restoring the T cell-mediated antiviral immune response. Another approach is
the specific expansion of the host's pool of HBV-specific T cells. Stimulation of
the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR9, provides another means of
boosting the antiviral response. Combination therapy with cytokines (interferon
gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha) plus lamivudine is more effective than
these agents used alone. Therapeutic vaccines are being developed as an
alternative to long-term antiviral treatment or as an adjunct.
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