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10.1128/IAI.00763-15 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1128/IAI.00763-15 C4645389!4645389 !26371121     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\26371121 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Infect+Immun 2015 ; 83 (12 ): 4594-603 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26371121 |t=2015. Neither classical nor alternative macrophage activation is required for Pneumocystis clearance during immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome |pdf=|usr=}}{{26371121 }} gab.com Text Neither classical nor alternative macrophage activation is required for Pneumocystis clearance during immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome JO: Infect Immun http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26371121 #FOAvip Pneumocystis is a respiratory fungal pathogen that causes pneumonia (Pneumocystis pneumonia [PcP]) in immunocompromised patients. Alveolar macrophages are critical effectors for CD4(+) T cell-dependent clearance of Pneumocystis, and previous studies found that alternative macrophage activation accelerates fungal clearance during PcP-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). However, the requirement for either classically or alternatively activated macrophages for Pneumocystis clearance has not been determined. Therefore, RAG2(-/-) mice lacking either the interferon gamma (IFN-?) receptor (IFN-?R) or interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL-4R?) were infected with Pneumocystis. These mice were then immune reconstituted with wild-type lymphocytes to preserve the normal T helper response while preventing downstream effects of Th1 or Th2 effector cytokines on macrophage polarization. As expected, RAG2(-/-) mice developed severe disease but effectively cleared Pneumocystis and resolved IRIS. Neither RAG/IFN-?R(-/-) nor RAG/IL-4R?(-/-) mice displayed impaired Pneumocystis clearance. However, RAG/IFN-?R(-/-) mice developed a dysregulated immune response, with exacerbated IRIS and greater pulmonary function deficits than those in RAG2 and RAG/IL-4R?(-/-) mice. RAG/IFN-?R(-/-) mice had elevated numbers of lung CD4(+) T cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and NK cells but severely depressed numbers of lung CD8(+) T suppressor cells. Impaired lung CD8(+) T cell responses in RAG/IFN-?R(-/-) mice were associated with elevated lung IFN-? levels, and neutralization of IFN-? restored the CD8 response. These data demonstrate that restricting the ability of macrophages to polarize in response to Th1 or Th2 cytokines does not impair Pneumocystis clearance. However, a cell type-specific IFN-?/IFN-?R-dependent mechanism regulates CD8(+) T suppressor cell recruitment, limits immunopathogenesis, preserves lung function, and enhances the resolution of PcP-related IRIS. Twit Text FOAVip Neither classical nor alternative macrophage activation is required for Pneumocystis clearance during immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ????Infect Immun http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26371121 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26371121 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26371121 }}</ref> Neither classical nor alternative macrophage activation is required for Pneumocystis clearance during immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome #MMPMID26371121 Zhang ZQ ; Wang J ; Hoy Z ; Keegan A ; Bhagwat S ; Gigliotti F ; Wright TW Infect Immun 2015[Dec]; 83 (12 ): 4594-603 PMID26371121 show ga Pneumocystis is a respiratory fungal pathogen that causes pneumonia (Pneumocystis pneumonia [PcP]) in immunocompromised patients. Alveolar macrophages are critical effectors for CD4(+) T cell-dependent clearance of Pneumocystis, and previous studies found that alternative macrophage activation accelerates fungal clearance during PcP-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). However, the requirement for either classically or alternatively activated macrophages for Pneumocystis clearance has not been determined. Therefore, RAG2(-/-) mice lacking either the interferon gamma (IFN-?) receptor (IFN-?R) or interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL-4R?) were infected with Pneumocystis. These mice were then immune reconstituted with wild-type lymphocytes to preserve the normal T helper response while preventing downstream effects of Th1 or Th2 effector cytokines on macrophage polarization. As expected, RAG2(-/-) mice developed severe disease but effectively cleared Pneumocystis and resolved IRIS. Neither RAG/IFN-?R(-/-) nor RAG/IL-4R?(-/-) mice displayed impaired Pneumocystis clearance. However, RAG/IFN-?R(-/-) mice developed a dysregulated immune response, with exacerbated IRIS and greater pulmonary function deficits than those in RAG2 and RAG/IL-4R?(-/-) mice. RAG/IFN-?R(-/-) mice had elevated numbers of lung CD4(+) T cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and NK cells but severely depressed numbers of lung CD8(+) T suppressor cells. Impaired lung CD8(+) T cell responses in RAG/IFN-?R(-/-) mice were associated with elevated lung IFN-? levels, and neutralization of IFN-? restored the CD8 response. These data demonstrate that restricting the ability of macrophages to polarize in response to Th1 or Th2 cytokines does not impair Pneumocystis clearance. However, a cell type-specific IFN-?/IFN-?R-dependent mechanism regulates CD8(+) T suppressor cell recruitment, limits immunopathogenesis, preserves lung function, and enhances the resolution of PcP-related IRIS. |Animals [MESH] |CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/microbiology/pathology [MESH] |DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/immunology [MESH] |Eosinophils/immunology/microbiology/pathology [MESH] |Gene Expression Regulation [MESH] |Host-Pathogen Interactions [MESH] |Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/genetics/*immunology/microbiology/pathology [MESH] |Interferon gamma Receptor [MESH] |Killer Cells, Natural/immunology/microbiology/pathology [MESH] |Lung/immunology/microbiology/pathology [MESH] |Macrophage Activation [MESH] |Macrophages, Alveolar/*immunology/microbiology/pathology [MESH] |Mice [MESH] |Mice, Knockout [MESH] |Mice, SCID [MESH] |Neutrophils/immunology/microbiology/pathology [MESH] |Pneumocystis/*immunology/pathogenicity [MESH] |Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/genetics/*immunology/microbiology/pathology [MESH] |Receptors, Cell Surface/deficiency/genetics/immunology [MESH] |Receptors, Interferon/deficiency/genetics/immunology [MESH] |Signal Transduction [MESH] |T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology/microbiology/pathology [MESH]Neither classical nor alternative macrophage activation is required fo(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing