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2015 ; 16
(5
): 658-64
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Central Venous Catheter Intravascular Malpositioning: Causes, Prevention,
Diagnosis, and Correction
#MMPMID26587087
Roldan CJ
; Paniagua L
West J Emerg Med
2015[Sep]; 16
(5
): 658-64
PMID26587087
show ga
Despite the level of skill of the operator and the use of ultrasound guidance,
central venous catheter (CVC) placement can result in CVC malpositioning, an
unintended placement of the catheter tip in an inadequate vessel. CVC
malpositioning is not a complication of central line insertion; however,
undiagnosed CVC malpositioning can be associated with significant morbidity and
mortality. The objectives of this review were to describe factors associated with
intravascular malpositioning of CVCs inserted via the neck and chest and to offer
ways of preventing, identifying, and correcting such malpositioning. A literature
search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and MD Consult was performed in June 2014. By
searching for "Central line malposition" and then for "Central venous catheters
intravascular malposition," we found 178 articles written in English. Of those,
we found that 39 were relevant to our objectives and included them in our review.
According to those articles, intravascular CVC malpositioning is associated with
the presence of congenital and acquired anatomical variants, catheter insertion
in left thoracic venous system, inappropriate bevel orientation upon needle
insertion, and patient's body habitus variants. Although plain chest radiography
is the standard imaging modality for confirming catheter tip location, signs and
symptoms of CVC malpositioning even in presence of normal or inconclusive
conventional radiography findings should prompt the use of additional diagnostic
methods to confirm or rule out CVC malpositioning. With very few exceptions, the
recommendation in cases of intravascular CVC malpositioning is to remove and
relocate the catheter. Knowing the mechanisms of CVC malpositioning and how to
prevent, identify, and correct CVC malpositioning could decrease harm to patients
with this condition.
|Catheterization, Central Venous/*adverse effects/statistics & numerical data
[MESH]