Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\26601147
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Sci+Adv
2015 ; 1
(2
): e1400196
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year
metallurgical history
#MMPMID26601147
Eichler A
; Gramlich G
; Kellerhals T
; Tobler L
; Schwikowski M
Sci Adv
2015[Mar]; 1
(2
): e1400196
PMID26601147
show ga
Exploitation of the extensive polymetallic deposits of the Andean Altiplano in
South America since precolonial times has caused substantial emissions of
neurotoxic lead (Pb) into the atmosphere; however, its historical significance
compared to recent Pb pollution from leaded gasoline is not yet resolved. We
present a comprehensive Pb emission history for the last two millennia for South
America, based on a continuous, high-resolution, ice core record from Illimani
glacier. Illimani is the highest mountain of the eastern Bolivian Andes and is
located at the northeastern margin of the Andean Altiplano. The ice core Pb
deposition history revealed enhanced Pb enrichment factors (EFs) due to
metallurgical processing for silver production during periods of the
Tiwanaku/Wari culture (AD 450-950), the Inca empires (AD 1450-1532), colonial
times (AD 1532-1900), and tin production at the beginning of the 20th century.
After the 1960s, Pb EFs increased by a factor of 3 compared to the emission level
from metal production, which we attribute to gasoline-related Pb emissions. Our
results show that anthropogenic Pb pollution levels from road traffic in South
America exceed those of any historical metallurgy in the last two millennia, even
in regions with exceptional high local metallurgical activity.