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2015 ; 5
(ä): 16432
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Protein receptor-independent plasma membrane remodeling by HAMLET: a tumoricidal
protein-lipid complex
#MMPMID26561036
Nadeem A
; Sanborn J
; Gettel DL
; James HC
; Rydström A
; Ngassam VN
; Klausen TK
; Pedersen SF
; Lam M
; Parikh AN
; Svanborg C
Sci Rep
2015[Nov]; 5
(ä): 16432
PMID26561036
show ga
A central tenet of signal transduction in eukaryotic cells is that extra-cellular
ligands activate specific cell surface receptors, which orchestrate downstream
responses. This ''protein-centric" view is increasingly challenged by evidence
for the involvement of specialized membrane domains in signal transduction. Here,
we propose that membrane perturbation may serve as an alternative mechanism to
activate a conserved cell-death program in cancer cells. This view emerges from
the extraordinary manner in which HAMLET (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to
Tumor cells) kills a wide range of tumor cells in vitro and demonstrates
therapeutic efficacy and selectivity in cancer models and clinical studies. We
identify a ''receptor independent" transformation of vesicular motifs in model
membranes, which is paralleled by gross remodeling of tumor cell membranes.
Furthermore, we find that HAMLET accumulates within these de novo membrane
conformations and define membrane blebs as cellular compartments for direct
interactions of HAMLET with essential target proteins such as the Ras family of
GTPases. Finally, we demonstrate lower sensitivity of healthy cell membranes to
HAMLET challenge. These features suggest that HAMLET-induced curvature-dependent
membrane conformations serve as surrogate receptors for initiating signal
transduction cascades, ultimately leading to cell death.