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2015 ; 34
(21
): 2633-51
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Dysregulated miRNA biogenesis downstream of cellular stress and ALS-causing
mutations: a new mechanism for ALS
#MMPMID26330466
Emde A
; Eitan C
; Liou LL
; Libby RT
; Rivkin N
; Magen I
; Reichenstein I
; Oppenheim H
; Eilam R
; Silvestroni A
; Alajajian B
; Ben-Dov IZ
; Aebischer J
; Savidor A
; Levin Y
; Sons R
; Hammond SM
; Ravits JM
; Möller T
; Hornstein E
EMBO J
2015[Nov]; 34
(21
): 2633-51
PMID26330466
show ga
Interest in RNA dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) recently
aroused upon discovering causative mutations in RNA-binding protein genes. Here,
we show that extensive down-regulation of miRNA levels is a common molecular
denominator for multiple forms of human ALS. We further demonstrate that
pathogenic ALS-causing mutations are sufficient to inhibit miRNA biogenesis at
the Dicing step. Abnormalities of the stress response are involved in the
pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, including ALS. Accordingly, we describe a
novel mechanism for modulating microRNA biogenesis under stress, involving stress
granule formation and re-organization of DICER and AGO2 protein interactions with
their partners. In line with this observation, enhancing DICER activity by a
small molecule, enoxacin, is beneficial for neuromuscular function in two
independent ALS mouse models. Characterizing miRNA biogenesis downstream of the
stress response ties seemingly disparate pathways in neurodegeneration and
further suggests that DICER and miRNAs affect neuronal integrity and are possible
therapeutic targets.