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2015 ; 16
(ä): 187
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A case of severe osteomalacia caused by Tubulointerstitial nephritis with Fanconi
syndrome in asymptomotic primary biliary cirrhosis
#MMPMID26554665
Yamaguchi S
; Maruyama T
; Wakino S
; Tokuyama H
; Hashiguchi A
; Tada S
; Homma K
; Monkawa T
; Thomas J
; Miyashita K
; Kurihara I
; Yoshida T
; Konishi K
; Hayashi K
; Hayashi M
; Itoh H
BMC Nephrol
2015[Nov]; 16
(ä): 187
PMID26554665
show ga
BACKGROUND: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an immune-mediated chronic
cholestatic liver disease, characterized by increased concentrations of serum IgM
and the presence of circulating anti-mitochondrial antibodies. Although bone
diseases such as osteoporosis or osteodystrophy are commonly associated with PBC,
osteomalacia which is caused by abnormal vitamin D metabolism, mineralization
defects, and phosphate deficiency has not been recognized as a complication of
PBC. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 49-year-old Japanese woman who
complained of multiple fractures. Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia was diagnosed
from a low serum phosphorus level, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 level, high levels of
bone specific alkaline phosphatase and the findings of bone scintigraphy,
although a bone biopsy was not performed. Twenty four hour urine demonstrated a
low renal fractional tubular reabsorption of phosphate, increased fractional
excretion of uric acid and generalized aminoaciduria. An intravenous bicarbonate
loading test suggested the presence of proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA).
These biochemical data indicated Fanconi syndrome with proximal RTA. A kidney
biopsy demonstrated the features of tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). The
patient was also suspected as having primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) because of
high levels of alkaline phosphatase, IgM and the presence of anti-mitochondrial
M2 antibody, though biochemical liver function was normal. Sequential liver
biopsy was compatible with PBC and the diagnosis of PBC was definite. After
administration of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, neutral potassium phosphate, sodium
bicarbonate for osteomalacia and subsequent predonizolone for TIN, symptoms of
fractures were relieved and renal function including Fanconi syndrome was
ameliorated. CONCLUSION: In this case, asymptomatic PBC was shown to induce TIN
with Fanconi syndrome with dysregulation of electrolytes and vitamin D
metabolism, which in turn led to osteomalacia with multiple fractures.
Osteomalacia has not been recognized as a result of the renal involvement of PBC.
PBC and its rare complication of TIN with Fanconi syndrome should be considered
in adult patients with unexplained osteomalacia even in the absence of liver
dysfunction.