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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Am+J+Cancer+Res
2015 ; 5
(9
): 2626-42
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Beclin-1-independent autophagy mediates programmed cancer cell death through
interplays with endoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria in colbat
chloride-induced hypoxia
#MMPMID26609472
Sun L
; Liu N
; Liu SS
; Xia WY
; Liu MY
; Li LF
; Gao JX
Am J Cancer Res
2015[]; 5
(9
): 2626-42
PMID26609472
show ga
Autophagy has dual functions in cell survival and death. However, the effects of
autophagy on cancer cell survival or death remain controversial. In this study,
we show that Autophagy can mediate programmed cell death (PCD) of cancer cells in
responding to cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced hypoxia in a Beclin-1-independent
but autophagy protein 5 (ATG5)-dependent manner. Although ATG5 is not directly
induced by CoCl2, its constitutive expression is essential for CoCl2-induced PCD.
The ATG5-mediated autophagic PCD requires interplays with endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) and/or mitochondria. In this process, ATG5 plays a central role in
regulating ER stress protein CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous
protein (CHOP) and mitochondrial protein second mitochondria derived activator of
caspases (Smac). Two pathways for autophagic PCD in cancer cells responding to
hypoxia have been identified: ATG5/CHOP/Smac pathway and ATG5/Smac pathway, which
are probably dependent on the context of cell lines. The former is more potent
than the latter for the induction of PCD at the early stage of hypoxia, although
the ultimate efficiency of both pathways is comparable. In addition, both
pathways may require ATG5-mediated conversion of LC3-I into LC3-II. Therefore, we
have defined two autophagy-mediated pathways for the PCD of cancer cells in
hypoxia, which are dependent on ATG5, interplayed with ER and mitochondria and
tightly regulated by hypoxic status. The findings provide a new evidence that
autophagy may inhibit tumor cell proliferation through trigger of PCD,
facilitating the development of novel anti-cancer drugs.