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Graphene Functionalized with Arginine Decreases the Development of Glioblastoma
Multiforme Tumor in a Gene-Dependent Manner
#MMPMID26512645
Sawosz E
; Jaworski S
; Kutwin M
; Vadalasetty KP
; Grodzik M
; Wierzbicki M
; Kurantowicz N
; Strojny B
; Hotowy A
; Lipi?ska L
; Jagie??o J
; Chwalibog A
Int J Mol Sci
2015[Oct]; 16
(10
): 25214-33
PMID26512645
show ga
Our previous studies revealed that graphene had anticancer properties in
experiments in vitro with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells and in tumors
cultured in vivo. We hypothesized that the addition of arginine or proline to
graphene solutions might counteract graphene agglomeration and increase the
activity of graphene. Experiments were performed in vitro with GBM U87 cells and
in vivo with GBM tumors cultured on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membranes. The
measurements included cell morphology, mortality, viability, tumor morphology,
histology, and gene expression. The cells and tumors were treated with reduced
graphene oxide (rGO) and rGO functionalized with arginine (rGO + Arg) or proline
(rGO + Pro). The results confirmed the anticancer effect of graphene on GBM cells
and tumor tissue. After functionalization with amino acids, nanoparticles were
distributed more specifically, and the flakes of graphene were less agglomerated.
The molecule of rGO + Arg did not increase the expression of TP53 in comparison
to rGO, but did not increase the expression of MDM2 or the MDM2/TP53 ratio in the
tumor, suggesting that arginine may block MDM2 expression. The expression of
NQO1, known to be a strong protector of p53 protein in tumor tissue, was greatly
increased. The results indicate that the complex of rGO + Arg has potential in
GBM therapy.
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