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Triptolide Inhibits Lung Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion, and Metastasis #MMPMID26298168
Reno TA; Kim J; Raz D
Ann Thorac Surg 2015[Nov]; 100 (5): 1817-25 PMID26298168show ga
Background: Triptolide is an extract from Tripterygium wilfordii used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat autoimmune disorders. Triptolide has anti-cancer effects in vitro and is reported to impair cancer cell migration. We studied whether triptolide inhibits lung cancer cell migration and metastasis. Methods: We determined the microRNA expression profile of triptolide treated cells. We tested the effects of triptolide treatment on migration and invasion of lung cancer cells using Transwell filters coated with fibronectin and Matrigel, respectively. Western blots were used to compare expression of proteins involved in cell migration before and after 10nM triptolide treatment. Tail vein injections using H358 cells were performed. The mice were treated with 1mg/kg triptolide or vehicle by intraperitoneal injection three times per week. Lung and liver metastases were compared at 9 weeks. Means of groups were compared using a t-test. Results: Triptolide altered the expression of microRNAs involved in cellular movement and significantly decreased migration and invasion of lung cancer cells from approximately 18 to 3 cells per field (p-value <.001). Triptolide decreases Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) expression, which leads to impairment of downstream signaling. Finally, triptolide treated mice injected with lung cancer cells significantly decreased metastatic colony formation in the lungs (p-value <.01). Conclusions: Triptolide decreases lung cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and inhibits metastatic tumor formation in mice. Triptolide suppresses FAK, which causes deregulation of the migration machinery. These results suggest that triptolide inhibits lung cancer metastasis and should be investigated as a new lung cancer therapy.