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2015 ; 64
(ä): 1-12
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The genetics of human autoimmune disease: A perspective on progress in the field
and future directions
#MMPMID26343334
Seldin MF
J Autoimmun
2015[Nov]; 64
(ä): 1-12
PMID26343334
show ga
Progress in defining the genetics of autoimmune disease has been dramatically
enhanced by large scale genetic studies. Genome-wide approaches, examining
hundreds or for some diseases thousands of cases and controls, have been
implemented using high throughput genotyping and appropriate algorithms to
provide a wealth of data over the last decade. These studies have identified
hundreds of non-HLA loci as well as further defining HLA variations that
predispose to different autoimmune diseases. These studies to identify genetic
risk loci are also complemented by progress in gene expression studies including
definition of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), various alterations in
chromatin structure including histone marks, DNase I sensitivity, repressed
chromatin regions as well as transcript factor binding sites. Integration of this
information can partially explain why particular variations can alter proclivity
to autoimmune phenotypes. Despite our incomplete knowledge base with only partial
definition of hereditary factors and possible functional connections, this
progress has and will continue to facilitate a better understanding of critical
pathways and critical changes in immunoregulation. Advances in defining and
understanding functional variants potentially can lead to both novel therapeutics
and personalized medicine in which therapeutic approaches are chosen based on
particular molecular phenotypes and genomic alterations.