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2015 ; 55
(8
): 624-39
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Neurosurgical Management of Childhood Spasticity: Functional Posterior Rhizotomy
and Intrathecal Baclofen Infusion Therapy
#MMPMID26227057
Morota N
; Ihara S
; Ogiwara H
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)
2015[]; 55
(8
): 624-39
PMID26227057
show ga
A paradigm shift is currently ongoing in the treatment of spasticity in childhood
in Japan. Functional posterior rhizotomy (FPR), which was first introduced to
Japan in 1996, is best indicated for children with spastic cerebral palsy,
regardless of the clinical severity of spasticity. Surgery is generally carried
out in the cauda equina, where the posterior root is separated from the anterior
one, and neurophysiological procedures are used to judge which nerve root/rootlet
should be cut. The outcome of FPR is favorable for reducing spasticity in the
long-term follow-up. Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) treatment for childhood
spasticity was approved in 2007 in Japan and the number of children undergoing
ITB pump implantation has been gradually increasing. ITB treatment is best
indicated for children with severe spasticity, especially those with dystonia,
regardless of the pathological background. Since it is a surgery performed to
implant foreign bodies, special attention should be paid to avoid perioperative
complications such as CSF leakage, meningitis, and mechanical failure. Severely
disabled children with spasticity would benefit most from ITB treatment. We would
especially like to emphasize the importance of a strategic approach to the
treatment of childhood spasticity. The first step is to reduce spasticity by FPR,
ITB, and botulinum toxin injection. The second step is to aim for functional
improvement after controlling spasticity. Traditional orthopedic surgery and
neuro-rehabilitation form the second step of treatment. The combination of these
treatments that allows them to complement each other is the key to a successful
treatment of childhood spasticity.