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2015 ; 2
(3
): 214-232
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Dynamic Heterogeneity of the Heart Valve Interstitial Cell Population in Mitral
Valve Health and Disease
#MMPMID26527432
Horne TE
; VandeKopple M
; Sauls K
; Koenig SN
; Anstine LJ
; Garg V
; Norris RA
; Lincoln J
J Cardiovasc Dev Dis
2015[Sep]; 2
(3
): 214-232
PMID26527432
show ga
The heart valve interstitial cell (VIC) population is dynamic and thought to
mediate lay down and maintenance of the tri-laminar extracellular matrix (ECM)
structure within the developing and mature valve throughout life. Disturbances in
the contribution and distribution of valve ECM components are detrimental to
biomechanical function and associated with disease. This pathological process is
associated with activation of resident VICs that in the absence of disease reside
as quiescent cells. While these paradigms have been long standing,
characterization of this abundant and ever-changing valve cell population is
incomplete. Here we examine the expression pattern of Smooth muscle ?-actin,
Periostin, Twist1 and Vimentin in cultured VICs, heart valves from healthy
embryonic, postnatal and adult mice, as well as mature valves from human patients
and established mouse models of disease. We show that the VIC population is
highly heterogeneous and phenotypes are dependent on age, species, location, and
disease state. Furthermore, we identify phenotypic diversity across common models
of mitral valve disease. These studies significantly contribute to characterizing
the VIC population in health and disease and provide insights into the cellular
dynamics that maintain valve structure in healthy adults and mediate pathologic
remodeling in disease states.