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2015 ; 4
(11
): 1352-68
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Concise Review: Stem Cell Microenvironment on a Chip: Current Technologies for
Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology
#MMPMID26450425
Park D
; Lim J
; Park JY
; Lee SH
Stem Cells Transl Med
2015[Nov]; 4
(11
): 1352-68
PMID26450425
show ga
Stem cells have huge potential in many therapeutic areas. With conventional cell
culture methods, however, it is difficult to achieve in vivo-like
microenvironments in which a number of well-controlled stimuli are provided for
growing highly sensitive stem cells. In contrast, microtechnology-based platforms
offer advantages of high precision, controllability, scalability, and
reproducibility, enabling imitation of the complex physiological context of in
vivo. This capability may fill the gap between the present knowledge about stem
cells and that required for clinical stem cell-based therapies. We reviewed the
various types of microplatforms on which stem cell microenvironments are
mimicked. We have assigned the various microplatforms to four categories based on
their practical uses to assist stem cell biologists in using them for research.
In particular, many examples are given of microplatforms used for the production
of embryoid bodies and aggregates of stem cells in vitro. We also categorized
microplatforms based on the types of factors controlling the behaviors of stem
cells. Finally, we outline possible future directions for microplatform-based
stem cell research, such as research leading to the production of well-defined
environments for stem cells to be used in scaled-up systems or organs-on-a-chip,
the regulation of induced pluripotent stem cells, and the study of the genetic
states of stem cells on microplatforms. SIGNIFICANCE: Stem cells are highly
sensitive to a variety of physicochemical cues, and their fate can be easily
altered by a slight change of environment; therefore, systematic analysis and
discrimination of the extracellular signals and intracellular pathways
controlling the fate of cells and experimental realization of sensitive and
controllable niche environments are critical. This review introduces diverse
microplatforms to provide in vitro stem cell niches. Microplatforms could control
microenvironments around cells and have recently attracted much attention in
biology including stem cell research. These microplatforms and the future
directions of stem cell microenvironment are described.