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10.3389/fgene.2015.00322 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3389/fgene.2015.00322 C4621482!4621482!26579194     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Front+Genet 2015 ; 6 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26579194|t=2015. Mechanisms of mutational robustness in transcriptional regulation |pdf=|usr=}}{{26579194}} gab.com Text Mechanisms of mutational robustness in transcriptional regulation JO: Front Genet http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26579194 #FOAvip Robustness is the invariance of a phenotype in the face of environmental or genetic change. The phenotypes produced by transcriptional regulatory circuits are gene expression patterns that are to some extent robust to mutations. Here we review several causes of this robustness. They include robustness of individual transcription factor binding sites, homotypic clusters of such sites, redundant enhancers, transcription factors, redundant transcription factors, and the wiring of transcriptional regulatory circuits. Such robustness can either be an adaptation by itself, a byproduct of other adaptations, or the result of biophysical principles and non-adaptive forces of genome evolution. The potential consequences of such robustness include complex regulatory network topologies that arise through neutral evolution, as well as cryptic variation, i.e., genotypic divergence without phenotypic divergence. On the longest evolutionary timescales, the robustness of transcriptional regulation has helped shape life as we know it, by facilitating evolutionary innovations that helped organisms such as flowering plants and vertebrates diversify. Twit Text FOAVip Mechanisms of mutational robustness in transcriptional regulation ????Front Genet http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26579194 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26579194 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26579194}}</ref> Mechanisms of mutational robustness in transcriptional regulation #MMPMID26579194 Payne JL; Wagner A Front Genet 2015[]; 6 (ä): ä PMID26579194show ga Robustness is the invariance of a phenotype in the face of environmental or genetic change. The phenotypes produced by transcriptional regulatory circuits are gene expression patterns that are to some extent robust to mutations. Here we review several causes of this robustness. They include robustness of individual transcription factor binding sites, homotypic clusters of such sites, redundant enhancers, transcription factors, redundant transcription factors, and the wiring of transcriptional regulatory circuits. Such robustness can either be an adaptation by itself, a byproduct of other adaptations, or the result of biophysical principles and non-adaptive forces of genome evolution. The potential consequences of such robustness include complex regulatory network topologies that arise through neutral evolution, as well as cryptic variation, i.e., genotypic divergence without phenotypic divergence. On the longest evolutionary timescales, the robustness of transcriptional regulation has helped shape life as we know it, by facilitating evolutionary innovations that helped organisms such as flowering plants and vertebrates diversify. äMechanisms of mutational robustness in transcriptional regulation (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing