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2015 ; 6
(ä): 537
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Regulation of B Cell Differentiation by Intracellular Membrane-Associated
Proteins and microRNAs: Role in the Antibody Response
#MMPMID26579118
Lou Z
; Casali P
; Xu Z
Front Immunol
2015[]; 6
(ä): 537
PMID26579118
show ga
B cells are central to adaptive immunity and their functions in antibody
responses are exquisitely regulated. As suggested by recent findings, B cell
differentiation is mediated by intracellular membrane structures (including
endosomes, lysosomes, and autophagosomes) and protein factors specifically
associated with these membranes, including Rab7, Atg5, and Atg7. These factors
participate in vesicle formation/trafficking, signal transduction and induction
of gene expression to promote antigen presentation, class switch DNA
recombination (CSR)/somatic hypermutation (SHM), and generation/maintenance of
plasma cells and memory B cells. Their expression is induced in B cells activated
to differentiate and further fine-tuned by immune-modulating microRNAs, which
coordinates CSR/SHM, plasma cell differentiation, and memory B cell
differentiation. These short non-coding RNAs would individually target multiple
factors associated with the same intracellular membrane compartments and
collaboratively target a single factor in addition to regulating AID and Blimp-1.
These, together with regulation of microRNA biogenesis and activities by
endosomes and autophagosomes, show that intracellular membranes and microRNAs,
two broadly relevant cell constituents, play important roles in balancing gene
expression to specify B cell differentiation processes for optimal antibody
responses.