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2015 ; 11
(10
): e1005551
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Protein O-Glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) Promotes Mouse Gastrulation through
Modification of the Apical Polarity Protein CRUMBS2
#MMPMID26496195
Ramkumar N
; Harvey BM
; Lee JD
; Alcorn HL
; Silva-Gagliardi NF
; McGlade CJ
; Bestor TH
; Wijnholds J
; Haltiwanger RS
; Anderson KV
PLoS Genet
2015[Oct]; 11
(10
): e1005551
PMID26496195
show ga
Crumbs family proteins are apical transmembrane proteins with ancient roles in
cell polarity. Mouse Crumbs2 mutants arrest at midgestation with abnormal neural
plate morphology and a deficit of mesoderm caused by defects in gastrulation. We
identified an ENU-induced mutation, wsnp, that phenocopies the Crumbs2 null
phenotype. We show that wsnp is a null allele of Protein O-glucosyltransferase 1
(Poglut1), which encodes an enzyme previously shown to add O-glucose to EGF
repeats in the extracellular domain of Drosophila and mammalian Notch, but the
role of POGLUT1 in mammalian gastrulation has not been investigated. As
predicted, we find that POGLUT1 is essential for Notch signaling in the early
mouse embryo. However, the loss of mouse POGLUT1 causes an earlier and more
dramatic phenotype than does the loss of activity of the Notch pathway,
indicating that POGLUT1 has additional biologically relevant substrates. Using
mass spectrometry, we show that POGLUT1 modifies EGF repeats in the extracellular
domain of full-length mouse CRUMBS2. CRUMBS2 that lacks the O-glucose
modification fails to be enriched on the apical plasma membrane and instead
accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum. The data demonstrate that CRUMBS2 is
the target of POGLUT1 for the gastrulation epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions
(EMT) and that all activity of CRUMBS2 depends on modification by POGLUT1.
Mutations in human POGLUT1 cause Dowling-Degos Disease, POGLUT1 is overexpressed
in a variety of tumor cells, and mutations in the EGF repeats of human CRUMBS
proteins are associated with human congenital nephrosis, retinitis pigmentosa and
retinal degeneration, suggesting that O-glucosylation of CRUMBS proteins has
broad roles in human health.