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2015 ; 855
(ä): 95-116
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English Wikipedia
Role of Cholesterol and Phospholipids in Amylin Misfolding, Aggregation and
Etiology of Islet Amyloidosis
#MMPMID26149927
Singh S
; Trikha S
; Bhowmick DC
; Sarkar AA
; Jeremic AM
Adv Exp Med Biol
2015[]; 855
(ä): 95-116
PMID26149927
show ga
Amyloidosis is a biological event in which proteins undergo structural
transitions from soluble monomers and oligomers to insoluble fibrillar aggregates
that are often toxic to cells. Exactly how amyloid proteins, such as the
pancreatic hormone amylin, aggregate and kill cells is still unclear. Islet
amyloid polypeptide, or amylin, is a recently discovered hormone that is stored
and co-released with insulin from pancreatic islet ?-cells. The pathology of type
2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by an excessive extracellular and
intracellular accumulation of toxic amylin species, soluble oligomers and
insoluble fibrils, in islets, eventually leading to ?-cell loss. Obesity and
elevated serum cholesterol levels are additional risk factors implicated in the
development of T2DM. Because the homeostatic balance between cholesterol
synthesis and uptake is lost in diabetics, and amylin aggregation is a hallmark
of T2DM, this chapter focuses on the biophysical and cell biology studies
exploring molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol and phospholipids modulate
secondary structure, folding and aggregation of human amylin and other amyloid
proteins on membranes and in cells. Amylin turnover and toxicity in pancreatic
cells and the regulatory role of cholesterol in these processes are also
discussed.