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10.3390/ijms160921711 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3390/ijms160921711 C4613276!4613276!26370986     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Int+J+Mol+Sci 2015 ; 16 (9): 21711-33 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26370986|t=2015. The Three Bacterial Lines of Defense against Antimicrobial Agents |pdf=|usr=}}{{26370986}} gab.com Text The Three Bacterial Lines of Defense against Antimicrobial Agents JO: Int J Mol Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26370986 #FOAvip Antimicrobial agents target a range of extra- and/or intracellular loci from cytoplasmic wall to membrane, intracellular enzymes and genetic materials. Meanwhile, many resistance mechanisms employed by bacteria to counter antimicrobial agents have been found and reported in the past decades. Based on their spatially distinct sites of action and distribution of location, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria were categorized into three groups, coined the three lines of bacterial defense in this review. The first line of defense is biofilms, which can be formed by most bacteria to overcome the action of antimicrobial agents. In addition, some other bacteria employ the second line of defense, the cell wall, cell membrane, and encased efflux pumps. When antimicrobial agents permeate the first two lines of defense and finally reach the cytoplasm, many bacteria will make use of the third line of defense, including alterations of intracellular materials and gene regulation to protect themselves from harm by bactericides. The presented three lines of defense theory will help us to understand the bacterial resistance mechanisms against antimicrobial agents and design efficient strategies to overcome these resistances. Twit Text FOAVip The Three Bacterial Lines of Defense against Antimicrobial Agents ????Int J Mol Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26370986 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26370986 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26370986}}</ref> The Three Bacterial Lines of Defense against Antimicrobial Agents #MMPMID26370986 Zhou G; Shi QS; Huang XM; Xie XB Int J Mol Sci 2015[Sep]; 16 (9): 21711-33 PMID26370986show ga Antimicrobial agents target a range of extra- and/or intracellular loci from cytoplasmic wall to membrane, intracellular enzymes and genetic materials. Meanwhile, many resistance mechanisms employed by bacteria to counter antimicrobial agents have been found and reported in the past decades. Based on their spatially distinct sites of action and distribution of location, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria were categorized into three groups, coined the three lines of bacterial defense in this review. The first line of defense is biofilms, which can be formed by most bacteria to overcome the action of antimicrobial agents. In addition, some other bacteria employ the second line of defense, the cell wall, cell membrane, and encased efflux pumps. When antimicrobial agents permeate the first two lines of defense and finally reach the cytoplasm, many bacteria will make use of the third line of defense, including alterations of intracellular materials and gene regulation to protect themselves from harm by bactericides. The presented three lines of defense theory will help us to understand the bacterial resistance mechanisms against antimicrobial agents and design efficient strategies to overcome these resistances. äThe Three Bacterial Lines of Defense against Antimicrobial Agents (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing