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2015 ; 5
(ä): 12
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Beneficial biological effects and the underlying mechanisms of molecular hydrogen
- comprehensive review of 321 original articles
#MMPMID26483953
Ichihara M
; Sobue S
; Ito M
; Ito M
; Hirayama M
; Ohno K
Med Gas Res
2015[]; 5
(ä): 12
PMID26483953
show ga
Therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen for a wide range of disease models and
human diseases have been investigated since 2007. A total of 321 original
articles have been published from 2007 to June 2015. Most studies have been
conducted in Japan, China, and the USA. About three-quarters of the articles show
the effects in mice and rats. The number of clinical trials is increasing every
year. In most diseases, the effect of hydrogen has been reported with hydrogen
water or hydrogen gas, which was followed by confirmation of the effect with
hydrogen-rich saline. Hydrogen water is mostly given ad libitum. Hydrogen gas of
less than 4 % is given by inhalation. The effects have been reported in
essentially all organs covering 31 disease categories that can be subdivided into
166 disease models, human diseases, treatment-associated pathologies, and
pathophysiological conditions of plants with a predominance of oxidative
stress-mediated diseases and inflammatory diseases. Specific extinctions of
hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite were initially presented, but the
radical-scavenging effect of hydrogen cannot be held solely accountable for its
drastic effects. We and others have shown that the effects can be mediated by
modulating activities and expressions of various molecules such as Lyn, ERK, p38,
JNK, ASK1, Akt, GTP-Rac1, iNOS, Nox1, NF-?B p65, I?B?, STAT3, NFATc1, c-Fos, and
ghrelin. Master regulator(s) that drive these modifications, however, remain to
be elucidated and are currently being extensively investigated.