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2015 ; 10
(10
): e0140053
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How and When Do Insects Rely on Endogenous Protein and Lipid Resources during
Lethal Bouts of Starvation? A New Application for 13C-Breath testing
#MMPMID26465334
McCue MD
; Guzman RM
; Passement CA
; Davidowitz G
PLoS One
2015[]; 10
(10
): e0140053
PMID26465334
show ga
Most of our understanding about the physiology of fasting and starvation comes
from studies of vertebrates; however, for ethical reasons, studies that monitor
vertebrates through the lethal endpoint are scant. Insects are convenient models
to characterize the comparative strategies used to cope with starvation because
they have diverse life histories and have evolved under the omnipresent challenge
of food limitation. Moreover, we can study the physiology of starvation through
its natural endpoint. In this study we raised populations of five species of
insects (adult grasshoppers, crickets, cockroaches, and larval beetles and moths)
on diets labeled with either 13C-palmitic acid or 13C-leucine to isotopically
enrich the lipids or the proteins in their bodies, respectively. The insects were
allowed to become postabsorptive and then starved. We periodically measured the
?13C of the exhaled breath to characterize how each species adjusted their
reliance on endogenous lipids and proteins as energy sources. We found that
starving insects employ a wide range of strategies for regulating lipid and
protein oxidation. All of the insects except for the beetle larvae were capable
of sharply reducing reliance on protein oxidation; however, this protein sparing
strategy was usually unsustainable during the entire starvation period. All
insects increased their reliance on lipid oxidation, but while some species
(grasshoppers, cockroaches, and beetle larvae) were still relying extensively on
lipids at the time of death, other species (crickets and moth larvae) allowed
rates of lipid oxidation to return to prestarvation levels. Although lipids and
proteins are critical metabolic fuels for both vertebrates and insects, insects
apparently exhibit a much wider range of strategies for rationing these limited
resources during starvation.