Standards of the Polish Ultrasound Society - update The liver, gallbladder and
bile ducts examinations
#MMPMID26673807
Walas MK
; Skoczylas K
; Gierbli?ski I
J Ultrason
2012[Dec]; 12
(51
): 428-45
PMID26673807
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Ultrasonography, which usually constitutes an initial imaging method of the
gallbladder, liver and bile ducts diseases, allows for final diagnosis or
determines another diagnostic step. The continuously progressing technological
advancement forces to broaden the indications for ultrasound diagnostics and
enables easier and more precise imaging of the tested structures. Performing the
examination in accordance with current standards allows for the optimization of
the sensitivity and specificity parameters of ultrasound examinations in the
diagnosis of the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts pathologies as well as
minimizes the probability of error-making. This article presents a recommended
liver, gallbladder and bile ducts ultrasound technique which indicates an optimal
positioning of the patient for the exam as well as the sites of the ultrasound
transducer application. Minimum technical parameters of the apparatus have been
specified with respect to the requirements of modern ultrasound techniques which
enable imaging with the use of contrast agents and elastography. Furthermore, the
article proposes a standard exam description containing essential patient-related
data and provides required ultrasound evaluation parameters for the tested
organs. Attention has been drawn to the appropriate manner of preparing the
patient for the examination and the features of the tested structures have been
presented. The article also contains a brief description of the liver,
gallbladder and bile ducts diseases which are most often diagnosed by ultrasound
examinations. Moreover, the use of elastography as well as contrast-enhanced
examinations in the diagnostics of fibrosis and focal changes in the liver have
been discussed. This article has been prepared on the basis of the Ultrasound
Examination Standards of the Polish Ultrasound Society (2011) and updated with
reference to the latest findings in pertinent literature.
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