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2015 ; 11
(ä): 41
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gab.com Text
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The role of trade and investment liberalization in the sugar-sweetened carbonated
beverages market: a natural experiment contrasting Vietnam and the Philippines
#MMPMID26455446
Schram A
; Labonte R
; Baker P
; Friel S
; Reeves A
; Stuckler D
Global Health
2015[Oct]; 11
(ä): 41
PMID26455446
show ga
BACKGROUND: Trade and investment liberalization may facilitate the spread of
sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages (SSCBs), products associated with increased
risk factors for obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases
(Circulation 121:1356-1364, 2010). Apart from a limited set of comparative
cross-national studies, the majority of analyses linking liberalization and the
food environment have drawn on case studies and descriptive accounts. The current
failure of many countries to reverse the obesity epidemic calls for investigation
into both individual and systemic factors, including trade and investment
policies. METHODS: Using a natural experimental design we tested whether
Vietnam's removal of restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) subsequent
to its accession to the World Trade Organization in 2007 increased sales of SSCBs
compared with a matched country, the Philippines, which acceded in 1995.
Difference-in-difference (DID) models were used to test pre/post differences in
total SSCB sales and foreign company penetration covering the years 1999-2013.
RESULTS: Following Vietnam's removal of restrictions on FDI, the growth rate of
SSCB sales increased to 12.1 % per capita per year from a prior growth rate of
3.3 %. SSCB sales per capita rose significantly faster pre- and post-intervention
in Vietnam compared with the control country the Philippines (DID: 4.6 L per
annum, 95 % CI: 3.8 to 5.4 L, p?0.008). Vietnam's increase in SSCBs was
primarily attributable to products manufactured by foreign companies, whose
annual sales growth rates rose from 6.7 to 23.1 %, again unmatched within the
Philippines over this period (DID: 12.3 %, 95 % CI: 8.6 to 16.0 %, p?0.049).
CONCLUSIONS: Growth of SSCB sales in Vietnam, led by foreign-owned companies,
significantly accelerated after trade and investment liberalization.