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2015 ; 5
(3
): 1515-39
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The 3 to 5 Exoribonuclease DIS3: From Structure and Mechanisms to Biological
Functions and Role in Human Disease
#MMPMID26193331
Robinson SR
; Oliver AW
; Chevassut TJ
; Newbury SF
Biomolecules
2015[Jul]; 5
(3
): 1515-39
PMID26193331
show ga
DIS3 is a conserved exoribonuclease and catalytic subunit of the exosome, a
protein complex involved in the 3' to 5' degradation and processing of both
nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA species. Recently, aberrant expression of DIS3 has
been found to be implicated in a range of different cancers. Perhaps most
striking is the finding that DIS3 is recurrently mutated in 11% of multiple
myeloma patients. Much work has been done to elucidate the structural and
biochemical characteristics of DIS3, including the mechanistic details of its
role as an effector of RNA decay pathways. Nevertheless, we do not understand how
DIS3 mutations can lead to cancer. There are a number of studies that pertain to
the function of DIS3 at the organismal level. Mutant phenotypes in S. pombe, S.
cerevisiae and Drosophila suggest DIS3 homologues have a common role in
cell-cycle progression and microtubule assembly. DIS3 has also recently been
implicated in antibody diversification of mouse B-cells. This article aims to
review current knowledge of the structure, mechanisms and functions of DIS3 as
well as highlighting the genetic patterns observed within myeloma patients, in
order to yield insight into the putative role of DIS3 mutations in oncogenesis.