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2015 ; 10
(10
): e0139574
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Modeling the Role of the Glymphatic Pathway and Cerebral Blood Vessel Properties
in Alzheimer s Disease Pathogenesis
#MMPMID26448331
Kyrtsos CR
; Baras JS
PLoS One
2015[]; 10
(10
): e0139574
PMID26448331
show ga
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly,
affecting over 10% population over the age of 65 years. Clinically, AD is
described by the symptom set of short term memory loss and cognitive decline,
changes in mentation and behavior, and eventually long-term memory deficit as the
disease progresses. On imaging studies, significant atrophy with subsequent
increase in ventricular volume have been observed. Pathology on post-mortem brain
specimens demonstrates the classic findings of increased beta amyloid (A?)
deposition and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) within affected
neurons. Neuroinflammation, dysregulation of blood-brain barrier transport and
clearance, deposition of A? in cerebral blood vessels, vascular risk factors such
as atherosclerosis and diabetes, and the presence of the apolipoprotein E4 allele
have all been identified as playing possible roles in AD pathogenesis. Recent
research has demonstrated the importance of the glymphatic system in the
clearance of A? from the brain via the perivascular space surrounding cerebral
blood vessels. Given the variety of hypotheses that have been proposed for AD
pathogenesis, an interconnected, multilayer model offers a unique opportunity to
combine these ideas into a single unifying model. Results of this model
demonstrate the importance of vessel stiffness and heart rate in maintaining
adequate clearance of A? from the brain.
|*Models, Biological
[MESH]
|Aged
[MESH]
|Aging
[MESH]
|Alleles
[MESH]
|Alzheimer Disease/*pathology
[MESH]
|Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism
[MESH]
|Apolipoprotein E4/genetics
[MESH]
|Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
[MESH]
|Bradycardia/physiopathology
[MESH]
|Brain/metabolism
[MESH]
|Cerebral Arteries/*physiology
[MESH]
|Cognitive Dysfunction/pathology
[MESH]
|Female
[MESH]
|Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging/physiology
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1/metabolism
[MESH]