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2015 ; 2
(ä): 72
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Targeted Therapies in Liver Fibrosis: Combining the Best Parts of
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB and Interferon Gamma
#MMPMID26501061
van Dijk F
; Olinga P
; Poelstra K
; Beljaars L
Front Med (Lausanne)
2015[]; 2
(ä): 72
PMID26501061
show ga
Cytokines, growth factors, and other locally produced mediators play key roles in
the regulation of disease progression. During liver fibrosis, these mediators
orchestrate the balance between pro- and antifibrotic activities as exerted by
the hepatic cells. Two important players in this respect are the profibrotic
mediator platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and the antifibrotic
cytokine interferon gamma (IFN?). PDGF-BB, produced by many resident and
infiltrating cells, causes extensive proliferation, migration, and contraction of
hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and myofibroblasts. These cells are the
extracellular matrix-producing hepatic cells and they highly express the PDGF?
receptor. On the other hand, IFN? is produced by natural killer cells in fibrotic
livers and is endowed with proinflammatory, antiviral, and antifibrotic
activities. This cytokine attracted much attention as a possible therapeutic
compound in fibrosis. However, clinical trials yielded disappointing results
because of low efficacy and adverse effects, most likely related to the dual role
of IFN? in fibrosis. In our studies, we targeted the antifibrotic IFN? to the
liver myofibroblasts. For that, we altered the cell binding properties of IFN?,
by delivery of the IFN?-nuclear localization sequence to the highly expressed
PDGF? receptor using a PDGF? receptor recognizing peptide, thereby creating a
construct referred to as "Fibroferon" (i.e., fibroblast-targeted interferon ?).
In recent years, we demonstrated that HSC-specific delivery of IFN? increased its
antifibrotic potency and improved its general safety profile in vivo, making
Fibroferon highly suitable for the treatment of (fibrotic) diseases associated
with elevated PDGF? receptor expression. The present review summarizes the
knowledge on these two key mediators, PDGF-BB and IFN?, and outlines how we used
this knowledge to create the cell-specific antifibrotic compound Fibroferon
containing parts of both of these mediators.