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2015 ; 2
(9
): 150257
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Shared Escovopsis parasites between leaf-cutting and non-leaf-cutting ants in the
higher attine fungus-growing ant symbiosis
#MMPMID26473050
Meirelles LA
; Solomon SE
; Bacci M Jr
; Wright AM
; Mueller UG
; Rodrigues A
R Soc Open Sci
2015[Sep]; 2
(9
): 150257
PMID26473050
show ga
Fungus-gardening (attine) ants grow fungus for food in protected gardens, which
contain beneficial, auxiliary microbes, but also microbes harmful to gardens.
Among these potentially pathogenic microorganisms, the most consistently isolated
are fungi in the genus Escovopsis, which are thought to co-evolve with ants and
their cultivar in a tripartite model. To test clade-to-clade correspondence
between Escovopsis and ants in the higher attine symbiosis (including
leaf-cutting and non-leaf-cutting ants), we amassed a geographically
comprehensive collection of Escovopsis from Mexico to southern Brazil, and
reconstructed the corresponding Escovopsis phylogeny. Contrary to previous
analyses reporting phylogenetic divergence between Escovopsis from leafcutters
and Trachymyrmex ants (non-leafcutter), we found no evidence for such
specialization; rather, gardens from leafcutters and non-leafcutters genera can
sometimes be infected by closely related strains of Escovopsis, suggesting
switches at higher phylogenetic levels than previously reported within the higher
attine symbiosis. Analyses identified rare Escovopsis strains that might
represent biogeographically restricted endemic species. Phylogenetic patterns
correspond to morphological variation of vesicle type (hyphal structures
supporting spore-bearing cells), separating Escovopsis with phylogenetically
derived cylindrical vesicles from ancestral Escovopsis with globose vesicles. The
new phylogenetic insights provide an improved basis for future taxonomic and
ecological studies of Escovopsis.