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2015 ; 309
(5
): R444-58
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English Wikipedia
Role of neurons and glia in the CNS actions of the renin-angiotensin system in
cardiovascular control
#MMPMID26084692
de Kloet AD
; Liu M
; Rodríguez V
; Krause EG
; Sumners C
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
2015[Sep]; 309
(5
): R444-58
PMID26084692
show ga
Despite tremendous research efforts, hypertension remains an epidemic health
concern, leading often to the development of cardiovascular disease. It is well
established that in many instances, the brain plays an important role in the
onset and progression of hypertension via activation of the sympathetic nervous
system. Further, the activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and of glial
cell-mediated proinflammatory processes have independently been linked to this
neural control and are, as a consequence, both attractive targets for the
development of antihypertensive therapeutics. Although it is clear that the
predominant effector peptide of the RAS, ANG II, activates its type-1 receptor on
neurons to mediate some of its hypertensive actions, additional nuances of this
brain RAS control of blood pressure are constantly being uncovered. One of these
complexities is that the RAS is now thought to impact cardiovascular control, in
part, via facilitating a glial cell-dependent proinflammatory milieu within
cardiovascular control centers. Another complexity is that the newly
characterized antihypertensive limbs of the RAS are now recognized to, in many
cases, antagonize the prohypertensive ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-mediated
effects. That being said, the mechanism by which the RAS, glia, and neurons
interact to regulate blood pressure is an active area of ongoing research. Here,
we review the current understanding of these interactions and present a
hypothetical model of how these exchanges may ultimately regulate cardiovascular
function.