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2015 ; 2
(9
): e376-83
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Ponatinib as first-line treatment for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in
chronic phase: a phase 2 study
#MMPMID26436130
Jain P
; Kantarjian H
; Jabbour E
; Gonzalez GN
; Borthakur G
; Pemmaraju N
; Daver N
; Gachimova E
; Ferrajoli A
; Kornblau S
; Ravandi F
; O'Brien S
; Cortes J
Lancet Haematol
2015[Sep]; 2
(9
): e376-83
PMID26436130
show ga
BACKGROUND: Ponatinib has shown efficacy in patients with refractory chronic
myeloid leukaemia (CML) and in those with CML with a Thr315Ile mutation. We aimed
to investigate the activity and safety of ponatinib as first-line treatment for
patients with chronic-phase CML. METHODS: We did a single-arm, phase 2 trial at
MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX, USA. Between May 3, 2012, and Sept 24,
2013, we enrolled patients with early (<6 months) chronic-phase CML and treated
them with oral ponatinib once a day. Patients enrolled before July 25, 2013, were
given a starting dose of 45 mg per day; we lowered this due to tolerability
issues and patients enrolled after this date were given a starting dose of 30 mg
per day. After a warning by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in Oct 6,
2013, for vascular complications with ponatinib, we started all patients on
aspirin 81 mg daily and reduced the dose of ponatinib to 30 mg or 15 mg per day
for all patients. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who
achieved complete cytogenetic response by 6 months in the per-protocol
population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01570868.
FINDINGS: We enrolled 51 patients. Median follow-up was 20·9 months (IQR
14·9?25·2). 43 patients were started on 45 mg ponatinib every day; eight patients
were started on 30 mg per day. 43 (94%) of 46 evaluable patients achieved
complete cytogenetic response at 6 months. Most frequent toxicities included
skin-related effects (n=35; 69%) and elevated lipase (n=32; 63%). Cardiovascular
events (mainly hypertension) occurred in 25 (49%) patients. Grade 3?4
myelosuppression occurred in 15 (29%) patients. Five (10%) patients developed
cerebrovascular or vaso-occlusive disease. 43 (85%) patients needed treatment
interruptions at some time and 45 (88%) needed dose reductions. The study was
terminated June 18, 2014, at the recommendation of the FDA due to concern about
the increased risk of thromboembolism with ponatinib. INTERPRETATION: Patients
with newly diagnosed CML in chronic phase respond well to treatment with
ponatinib, with most achieving a complete cytogenetic response. Dose adjustment,
extensive monitoring, and counselling of the patients for thromboembolic events
is needed for patients on ponatinib therapy. However, due to the risk of vascular
thrombotic events and the availability of alternative options for these patients,
other drugs should be considered first in the frontline setting. FUNDING: MD
Anderson Cancer Center, National Cancer Institute, ARIAD Pharmaceutical.
|Adult
[MESH]
|Aged
[MESH]
|Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
[MESH]
|Female
[MESH]
|Follow-Up Studies
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Imidazoles/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
[MESH]