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10.3390/ijerph120910755 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3390/ijerph120910755 C4586641!4586641 !26340636     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=26340636 &cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Mercury Exposure Assessment and Spatial Distribution in A Ghanaian Small-Scale Gold Mining Community |pdf=|usr=}}{{26340636 }} gab.com Text Mercury Exposure Assessment and Spatial Distribution in A Ghanaian Small-Scale Gold Mining Community JO: Int J Environ Res Public Health http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26340636 #FOAvip Mercury is utilized worldwide in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) and may pose a risk for miners and mining communities. While a number of studies have characterized mercury in ASGM communities, most have focused on a single media and few have taken a holistic approach. Here, a multiple media exposure assessment and cross-sectional study of mercury was conducted in 2010 through 2012 in northeast Ghana with a small-scale gold mining community, Kejetia, a subsistence farming community, Gorogo, and an urban ASGM gold refinery in Bolgatanga. The objective was to assess mercury in a range of human (urine and hair) and ecological (household soil, sediment, fish, and ore) samples to increase understanding of mercury exposure pathways. All participants were interviewed on demographics, occupational and medical histories, and household characteristics. Participants included 90 women of childbearing age and 97 adults from Kejetia and 75 adults from Gorogo. Median total specific gravity-adjusted urinary, hair, and household soil mercury were significantly higher in Kejetia miners (5.18 µg/L, 0.967 µg/g, and 3.77 µg/g, respectively) than Kejetia non-miners (1.18 µg/L, 0.419 µg/g, and 2.00 µg/g, respectively) and Gorogo participants (0.154 µg/L, 0.181 µg/g, and 0.039 µg/g) in 2011. Sediment, fish, and ore Hg concentrations were below guideline values. Median soil mercury from the Bolgatanga refinery was very high (54.6 µg/g). Estimated mean mercury ingestion for Kejetia adults from soil and dust exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference dose (0.3 µg Hg/kg·day) for pica (0.409 µg Hg/kg·day) and geophagy (20.5 µg Hg/kg·day) scenarios. Most participants with elevated urinary and household soil mercury were miners, but some non-miners approached and exceeded guideline values, suggesting a health risk for non-mining residents living within these communities. Twit Text FOAVip Mercury Exposure Assessment and Spatial Distribution in A Ghanaian Small-Scale Gold Mining Community ????Int J Environ Res Public Health http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26340636 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26340636 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26340636 }}</ref> Mercury Exposure Assessment and Spatial Distribution in A Ghanaian Small-Scale Gold Mining Community #MMPMID26340636 Rajaee M ; Long RN ; Renne EP ; Basu N Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015[Sep]; 12 (9 ): 10755-82 PMID26340636 show ga Mercury is utilized worldwide in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) and may pose a risk for miners and mining communities. While a number of studies have characterized mercury in ASGM communities, most have focused on a single media and few have taken a holistic approach. Here, a multiple media exposure assessment and cross-sectional study of mercury was conducted in 2010 through 2012 in northeast Ghana with a small-scale gold mining community, Kejetia, a subsistence farming community, Gorogo, and an urban ASGM gold refinery in Bolgatanga. The objective was to assess mercury in a range of human (urine and hair) and ecological (household soil, sediment, fish, and ore) samples to increase understanding of mercury exposure pathways. All participants were interviewed on demographics, occupational and medical histories, and household characteristics. Participants included 90 women of childbearing age and 97 adults from Kejetia and 75 adults from Gorogo. Median total specific gravity-adjusted urinary, hair, and household soil mercury were significantly higher in Kejetia miners (5.18 µg/L, 0.967 µg/g, and 3.77 µg/g, respectively) than Kejetia non-miners (1.18 µg/L, 0.419 µg/g, and 2.00 µg/g, respectively) and Gorogo participants (0.154 µg/L, 0.181 µg/g, and 0.039 µg/g) in 2011. Sediment, fish, and ore Hg concentrations were below guideline values. Median soil mercury from the Bolgatanga refinery was very high (54.6 µg/g). Estimated mean mercury ingestion for Kejetia adults from soil and dust exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference dose (0.3 µg Hg/kg·day) for pica (0.409 µg Hg/kg·day) and geophagy (20.5 µg Hg/kg·day) scenarios. Most participants with elevated urinary and household soil mercury were miners, but some non-miners approached and exceeded guideline values, suggesting a health risk for non-mining residents living within these communities. |*Gold [MESH] |*Mining [MESH] |Adult [MESH] |Animals [MESH] |Cross-Sectional Studies [MESH] |Environmental Exposure/*analysis [MESH] |Female [MESH] |Ghana [MESH] |Hair/*chemistry [MESH] |Humans [MESH] |Male [MESH] |Mercury/*analysis/urine [MESH] |Middle Aged [MESH] |Occupational Exposure/*analysis [MESH]Mercury Exposure Assessment and Spatial Distribution in A Ghanaian Sma(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing