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2015 ; 6
(ä): 979
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Metabolomic and high-throughput sequencing analysis-modern approach for the
assessment of biodeterioration of materials from historic buildings
#MMPMID26483760
Gutarowska B
; Celikkol-Aydin S
; Bonifay V
; Otlewska A
; Aydin E
; Oldham AL
; Brauer JI
; Duncan KE
; Adamiak J
; Sunner JA
; Beech IB
Front Microbiol
2015[]; 6
(ä): 979
PMID26483760
show ga
Preservation of cultural heritage is of paramount importance worldwide. Microbial
colonization of construction materials, such as wood, brick, mortar, and stone in
historic buildings can lead to severe deterioration. The aim of the present study
was to give modern insight into the phylogenetic diversity and activated
metabolic pathways of microbial communities colonized historic objects located in
the former Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp in
O?wiecim, Poland. For this purpose we combined molecular, microscopic and
chemical methods. Selected specimens were examined using Field Emission Scanning
Electron Microscopy (FESEM), metabolomic analysis and high-throughput Illumina
sequencing. FESEM imaging revealed the presence of complex microbial communities
comprising diatoms, fungi and bacteria, mainly cyanobacteria and actinobacteria,
on sample surfaces. Microbial diversity of brick specimens appeared higher than
that of the wood and was dominated by algae and cyanobacteria, while wood was
mainly colonized by fungi. DNA sequences documented the presence of 15 bacterial
phyla representing 99 genera including Halomonas, Halorhodospira, Salinisphaera,
Salinibacterium, Rubrobacter, Streptomyces, Arthrobacter and nine fungal classes
represented by 113 genera including Cladosporium, Acremonium, Alternaria,
Engyodontium, Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Aureobasidium. Most of the identified
sequences were characteristic of organisms implicated in deterioration of wood
and brick. Metabolomic data indicated the activation of numerous metabolic
pathways, including those regulating the production of primary and secondary
metabolites, for example, metabolites associated with the production of
antibiotics, organic acids and deterioration of organic compounds. The study
demonstrated that a combination of electron microscopy imaging with metabolomic
and genomic techniques allows to link the phylogenetic information and metabolic
profiles of microbial communities and to shed new light on biodeterioration
processes.