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10.1093/ckj/sfv074 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1093/ckj/sfv074 C4581391!4581391!26413288     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Clin+Kidney+J 2015 ; 8 (5): 599-605 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26413288|t=2015. Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway activity in dialysis patients: a role for neuroimmunomodulation?|pdf=|usr=}}{{26413288}} gab.com Text Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway activity in dialysis patients: a role for neuroimmunomodulation JO: Clin Kidney J http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26413288 #FOAvip Background: The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) modulates inflammatory responses through the vagus nerve and the ?-7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (?7nAChR) on macrophages and immune cells. Sympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance and chronic inflammation are both linked to poor outcome in dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to investigate CAP activity in these patients. Methods: Twenty dialysis patients, 12 hemodialysis (HD) and 8 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients (12 male, 8 female; age range 47?83 years) and 8 controls (5 male, 3 female; age range 31?52 years) were analyzed for C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1b (IL-1b), IL-6 and IL-10 at baseline. The cytokines were then assessed after whole blood stimulation ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 and 100 ng/mL) and again in the presence of 45 and 90 ?mol/L GTS-21, a cholinergic ?7nAChR agonist. Results: CRP, TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 were significantly higher, whereas IL-10 was significantly lower at baseline in patients compared with controls. After LPS stimulation, TNF increased significantly more in patients than in controls but decreased to similar levels in both groups after addition of GTS-21. IL-6 attenuation was comparable with TNF and the IL-1b pattern was similar but remained significantly higher in patients. Interestingly, IL-10 increased after GTS-21 in a dose-dependent manner, but only in patients. Results in HD and PD patients did not differ. Conclusions: The response of immune cells after LPS exposure and cholinergic stimulation suggests a functional CAP in dialysis patients. It may thus be possible to target the ?7nAChR control of cytokine release as an anti-inflammatory strategy and thereby improve outcome in these patients. Twit Text FOAVip Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway activity in dialysis patients: a role for neuroimmunomodulation ????Clin Kidney J http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26413288 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26413288 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26413288}}</ref> Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway activity in dialysis patients: a role for neuroimmunomodulation? #MMPMID26413288 Hilderman M; Qureshi AR; Al-Abed Y; Abtahi F; Lindecrantz K; Anderstam B; Bruchfeld A Clin Kidney J 2015[Oct]; 8 (5): 599-605 PMID26413288show ga Background: The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) modulates inflammatory responses through the vagus nerve and the ?-7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (?7nAChR) on macrophages and immune cells. Sympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance and chronic inflammation are both linked to poor outcome in dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to investigate CAP activity in these patients. Methods: Twenty dialysis patients, 12 hemodialysis (HD) and 8 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients (12 male, 8 female; age range 47?83 years) and 8 controls (5 male, 3 female; age range 31?52 years) were analyzed for C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1b (IL-1b), IL-6 and IL-10 at baseline. The cytokines were then assessed after whole blood stimulation ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 and 100 ng/mL) and again in the presence of 45 and 90 ?mol/L GTS-21, a cholinergic ?7nAChR agonist. Results: CRP, TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 were significantly higher, whereas IL-10 was significantly lower at baseline in patients compared with controls. After LPS stimulation, TNF increased significantly more in patients than in controls but decreased to similar levels in both groups after addition of GTS-21. IL-6 attenuation was comparable with TNF and the IL-1b pattern was similar but remained significantly higher in patients. Interestingly, IL-10 increased after GTS-21 in a dose-dependent manner, but only in patients. Results in HD and PD patients did not differ. Conclusions: The response of immune cells after LPS exposure and cholinergic stimulation suggests a functional CAP in dialysis patients. It may thus be possible to target the ?7nAChR control of cytokine release as an anti-inflammatory strategy and thereby improve outcome in these patients. äCholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway activity in dialysis patients: a(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing