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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 J+Membr+Biol
2015 ; 248
(3
): 595-607
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Following Natures Lead: On the Construction of Membrane-Inserted Toxins in Lipid
Bilayer Nanodiscs
#MMPMID25578459
Akkaladevi N
; Mukherjee S
; Katayama H
; Janowiak B
; Patel D
; Gogol EP
; Pentelute BL
; John Collier R
; Fisher MT
J Membr Biol
2015[Jun]; 248
(3
): 595-607
PMID25578459
show ga
Bacterial toxin or viral entry into the cell often requires cell surface binding
and endocytosis. The endosomal acidification induces a limited
unfolding/refolding and membrane insertion reaction of the soluble toxins or
viral proteins into their translocation competent or membrane inserted states. At
the molecular level, the specific orientation and immobilization of the
pre-transitioned toxin on the cell surface is often an important prerequisite
prior to cell entry. We propose that structures of some toxin membrane insertion
complexes may be observed through procedures where one rationally immobilizes the
soluble toxin so that potential unfolding ? refolding transitions that occur
prior to membrane insertion orientate away from the immobilization surface in the
presence of lipid micelle pre-nanodisc structures. As a specific example, the
immobilized prepore form of the anthrax toxin pore translocon or protective
antigen can be transitioned, inserted into a model lipid membrane (nanodiscs),
and released from the immobilized support in its membrane solubilized form. This
particular strategy, although unconventional, is a useful procedure for
generating pure membrane-inserted toxins in nanodiscs for electron microscopy
structural analysis. In addition, generating a similar immobilized platform on
label-free biosensor surfaces allows one to observe the kinetics of these
acid-induced membrane insertion transitions. These platforms can facilitate the
rational design of inhibitors that specifically target the toxin membrane
insertion transitions that occur during endosomal acidification. This approach
may lead to a new class of direct anti-toxin inhibitors.