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2012 ; 12
(49
): 131-47
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Normal and sonographic anatomy of selected peripheral nerves Part II: Peripheral
nerves of the upper limb
#MMPMID26674017
Kowalska B
; Sudo?-Szopi?ska I
J Ultrason
2012[Jun]; 12
(49
): 131-47
PMID26674017
show ga
The ultrasonographic examination is frequently used for imaging peripheral
nerves. It serves to supplement the physical examination, electromyography, and
magnetic resonance imaging. As in the case of other USG imaging studies, the
examination of peripheral nerves is non-invasive, well-tolerated by patients, and
relatively inexpensive. Part I of this article series described in detail the
characteristic USG picture of peripheral nerves and the proper examination
technique, following the example of the median nerve. This nerve is among the
most often examined peripheral nerves of the upper limb. This part presents
describes the normal anatomy and ultrasound picture of the remaining large nerve
branches in the upper extremity and neck - the spinal accessory nerve, the
brachial plexus, the suprascapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial and ulnar
nerves. Their normal anatomy and ultrasonographic appearance have been described,
including the division into individual branches. For each of them, specific
reference points have been presented, to facilitate the location of the set trunk
and its further monitoring. Sites for the application of the ultrasonographic
probe at each reference point have been indicated. In the case of the ulnar
nerve, the dynamic component of the examination was emphasized. The text is
illustrated with images of probe positioning, diagrams of the normal course of
the nerves as well as a series of ultrasonographic pictures of normal nerves of
the upper limb. This article aims to serve as a guide in the ultrasound
examination of the peripheral nerves of the upper extremity. It should be
remembered that a thorough knowledge of the area's topographic anatomy is
required for this type of examination.