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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 J+Ultrason
2012 ; 12
(49
): 120-30
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gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Normal and sonographic anatomy of selected peripheral nerves Part I:
Sonohistology and general principles of examination, following the example of the
median nerve
#MMPMID26673864
Kowalska B
; Sudo?-Szopi?ska I
J Ultrason
2012[Jun]; 12
(49
): 120-30
PMID26673864
show ga
Ultrasonography is an established method for imaging peripheral nerves. It serves
to supplement the physical examination, electromyography, and magnetic resonance
imaging. It enables the identification of post-traumatic changes of nerves,
neuropathies secondary to compression syndromes, inflammatory or neoplastic nerve
lesions as well as the evaluation of postoperative complications. In certain
situations, this technique is the imaging method of choice. It is increasingly
used in anesthesiology for regional anesthesia. As in the case of other
ultrasound imaging studies, the examination of peripheral nerves is non-invasive,
well-tolerated by patients, and relatively inexpensive. This article presents the
histological structure of peripheral nerves and their appearance in
ultrasonography. It also presents the examination technique, following the
example of the median nerve, and includes a series of diagrams and ultrasound
images. The interpretation of the shape, echogenicity, thickness and vascularity
of nerves is described, as well as their relation to the surrounding tissues. The
"elevator technique", which consists of locating a set nerve at a characteristic
anatomic point, and following it proximally or distally, has been explained. The
undisputed benefits of the ultrasound examination have been presented, including
its advantages over other diagnostic methods. These advantages include the
dynamic component of the ultrasound examination and the possibility of
correlating the patient's symptoms with the ultrasound images. As an example, the
proper anatomy and the ultrasonographic appearance of the median nerve were
described. This nerve's course is presented, its divisions, and characteristic
reference points, so as to facilitate its location and identification, and enable
subsequent use of the aforementioned "elevator technique". This article opens a
series of publications concerning anatomy, technique of examination and
pathologies of peripheral nerves.