The use of ultrasound in the assessment of the glenoid labrum of the glenohumeral
joint Part I: Ultrasound anatomy and examination technique
#MMPMID26673515
Krzy?anowski W
J Ultrason
2012[Jun]; 12
(49
): 164-77
PMID26673515
show ga
The glenohumeral joint is a spherical articulation with a remarkable range of
motion in several planes and decreased stability. The maintenance of joint
stability is influenced by the functioning of specific muscle groups in the
shoulder region, a complex system of ligaments reinforcing the joint capsule, and
the labrum which augments the glenoid fossa. Lesions of the aforementioned
structures require accurate diagnosis prior to a decision for operative
treatment. Ultrasound is one of the imaging methods that has been widely used in
the assessment of various shoulder pathologies. In the author opinion, this
imaging modality may also be applied for the evaluation of labral tears. Being
attached along the glenoid rim, the labrum forms a collar deepening the glenoid
fossa thus increasing area of its contact with the head of the humerus. To better
describe the location of lesions, the glenoid labrum is usually divided into
certain zones. Most of them may be visualized sonographically. The US examination
of the posterior labrum can be performed during evaluation of the infraspinatus
and teres minor muscles. The anterior labrum along with capsulolabral complex is
seen at the glenoid edge under the subscapularis tendon. Sonographic examination
of the inferior labrum is best performed using axillar approach. The superior
labrum is only partially available for US examination. A crucial part of the
sonographic assessment of the labrum is the dynamic examination during rotation
of the upper extremity. The paper presents normal sonographic anatomy of the
glenoid labrum and technique of the examination.
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