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2013 ; 60
(6
): 634-45
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The ecology of pneumocystis: perspectives, personal recollections, and future
research opportunities
#MMPMID24001365
Walzer PD
J Eukaryot Microbiol
2013[Nov]; 60
(6
): 634-45
PMID24001365
show ga
I am honored to receive the second Lifetime Achievement Award by International
Workshops on Opportunistic Protists and to give this lecture. My research
involves Pneumocystis, an opportunistic pulmonary fungus that is a major cause of
pneumonia ("PcP") in the immunocompromised host. I decided to focus on
Pneumocystis ecology here because it has not attracted much interest.
Pneumocystis infection is acquired by inhalation, and the cyst stage appears to
be the infective form. Several fungal lung infections, such as coccidiomycosis,
are not communicable, but occur by inhaling < 5 ?m spores from environmental
sources (buildings, parks), and can be affected by environmental factors. PcP
risk factors include environmental constituents (temperature, humidity, SO2 , CO)
and outdoor activities (camping). Clusters of PcP have occurred, but no
environmental source has been found. Pneumocystis is communicable and outbreaks
of PcP, especially in renal transplant patients, are an ongoing problem. Recent
evidence suggests that most viable Pneumocystis organisms detected in the air are
confined to a patient's room. Further efforts are needed to define the risk of
Pneumocystis transmission in health care facilities; to develop more robust
preventive measures; and to characterize the effects of climatological and air
pollutant factors on Pneumocystis transmission in animal models similar to those
used for respiratory viruses.