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2015 ; 116
(4
): 627-36
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Physiology of pepper fruit and the metabolism of antioxidants: chloroplasts,
mitochondria and peroxisomes
#MMPMID26220658
Palma JM
; Sevilla F
; Jiménez A
; del Río LA
; Corpas FJ
; Álvarez de Morales P
; Camejo DM
Ann Bot
2015[Sep]; 116
(4
): 627-36
PMID26220658
show ga
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pepper (Capsicum annuum) contains high levels of
antioxidants, such as vitamins A and C and flavonoids. However, information on
the role of these beneficial compounds in the physiology of pepper fruit remains
scarce. Recent studies have shown that antioxidants in ripe pepper fruit play a
key role in responses to temperature changes, and the redox state at the time of
harvest affects the nutritional value for human consumption. In this paper, the
role of antioxidant metabolism of pepper fruit during ripening and in the
response to low temperature is addressed, paying particular attention to
ascorbate, NADPH and the superoxide dismutase enzymatic system. The participation
of chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes in the ripening process is also
investigated. SCOPE AND RESULTS: Important changes occur at a subcellular level
during ripening of pepper fruit. Chloroplasts turn into chromoplasts, with
drastic conversion of their metabolism, and the role of the ascorbate-glutathione
cycle is essential. In mitochondria from red fruits, higher ascorbate peroxidase
(APX) and Mn-SOD activities are involved in avoiding the accumulation of reactive
oxygen species in these organelles during ripening. Peroxisomes, whose
antioxidant capacity at fruit ripening is substantially affected, display an
atypical metabolic pattern during this physiological stage. In spite of these
differences observed in the antioxidative metabolism of mitochondria and
peroxisomes, proteomic analysis of these organelles, carried out by 2-D
electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF and provided here for the first time, reveals
no changes between the antioxidant metabolism from immature (green) and ripe
(red) fruits. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results show that investigation of
molecular and enzymatic antioxidants from cell compartments, especially
chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes, is a useful tool to study the
physiology of pepper fruit, particularly in the context of expanding their
shelf-life after harvest and in maintaining their nutritional value.