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2015 ; 7
(ä): 8
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Mechanical stretch: physiological and pathological implications for human
vascular endothelial cells
#MMPMID26388991
Jufri NF
; Mohamedali A
; Avolio A
; Baker MS
Vasc Cell
2015[]; 7
(ä): 8
PMID26388991
show ga
Vascular endothelial cells are subjected to hemodynamic forces such as mechanical
stretch due to the pulsatile nature of blood flow. Mechanical stretch of
different intensities is detected by mechanoreceptors on the cell surface which
enables the conversion of external mechanical stimuli to biochemical signals in
the cell, activating downstream signaling pathways. This activation may vary
depending on whether the cell is exposed to physiological or pathological stretch
intensities. Substantial stretch associated with normal physiological functioning
is important in maintaining vascular homeostasis as it is involved in the
regulation of cell structure, vascular angiogenesis, proliferation and control of
vascular tone. However, the elevated pressure that occurs with hypertension
exposes cells to excessive mechanical load, and this may lead to pathological
consequences through the formation of reactive oxygen species, inflammation
and/or apoptosis. These processes are activated by downstream signaling through
various pathways that determine the fate of cells. Identification of the proteins
involved in these processes may help elucidate novel mechanisms involved in
vascular disease associated with pathological mechanical stretch and could
provide new insight into therapeutic strategies aimed at countering the
mechanisms' negative effects.