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10.1186/s13069-015-0034-9 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s13069-015-0034-9 C4570586!4570586 !26379781     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=26379781 &cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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L(59) TGF-? LAP degradation products serve as a promising blood biomarker for liver fibrogenesis in mice |pdf=|usr=}}{{26379781 }} gab.com Text L(59) TGF- LAP degradation products serve as a promising blood biomarker for liver fibrogenesis in mice JO: Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26379781 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: Hepatic fibrosis, which is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrices (ECMs) produced mainly from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), develops to cirrhosis over several decades. There are no validated biomarkers that can non-invasively monitor excessive production of ECM (i.e., fibrogenesis). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-?, a key driver of fibrogenesis, is produced as an inactive latent complex, in which active TGF-? is enveloped by its pro-peptide, the latency-associated protein (LAP). Thus, active TGF-? must be released from the complex for binding to its receptor and inducing ECM synthesis. We recently reported that during the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, plasma kallikrein (PLK) activates TGF-? by cleavage between R(58) and L(59) residues within LAP and that one of its by-products, the N-terminal side LAP degradation products ending at residue R(58) (R(58) LAP-DPs), can be detected mainly around activated HSCs by specific antibodies against R(58) cleavage edges and functions as a footprint of PLK-dependent TGF-? activation. Here, we describe a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects the other by-products, the C-terminal side LAP-DPs starting from residue L(59) (L(59) LAP-DPs). We demonstrated that the L(59) LAP-DPs are a potentially novel blood biomarker reflecting hepatic fibrogenesis. RESULTS: We established a specific sandwich ELISA to quantify L(59) LAP-DPs as low as 2 pM and measured L(59) LAP-DP levels in the culture media of a human activated HSC line, TWNT-4 cells. L(59) LAP-DPs could be detected in their media, and after treatment of TWNT-4 cells with a TGF-? receptor kinase inhibitor, SB431542, a simultaneous reduction was observed in both L(59) LAP-DP levels in the culture media and the mRNA expression levels of collagen type (I) ?1. In carbon tetrachloride- and bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis models in mice, plasma L(59) LAP-DP levels increased prior to increase of hepatic hydroxyproline (HDP) contents and well correlated with ?-smooth muscle actin (?SMA) expression in liver tissues. At this time, ?SMA-positive cells as well as R(58) LAP-DPs were seen in their liver tissues. CONCLUSIONS: L(59) LAP-DPs reflect PLK-dependent TGF-? activation and the increase in ?SMA-positive activated HSCs in liver injury, thereby serving as a novel blood biomarker for liver fibrogenesis. Twit Text FOAVip L(59) TGF- LAP degradation products serve as a promising blood biomarker for liver fibrogenesis in mice ????Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26379781 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26379781 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26379781 }}</ref> L(59) TGF-? LAP degradation products serve as a promising blood biomarker for liver fibrogenesis in mice #MMPMID26379781 Hara M ; Inoue I ; Yamazaki Y ; Kirita A ; Matsuura T ; Friedman SL ; Rifkin DB ; Kojima S Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 2015[]; 8 (ä): 17 PMID26379781 show ga BACKGROUND: Hepatic fibrosis, which is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrices (ECMs) produced mainly from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), develops to cirrhosis over several decades. There are no validated biomarkers that can non-invasively monitor excessive production of ECM (i.e., fibrogenesis). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-?, a key driver of fibrogenesis, is produced as an inactive latent complex, in which active TGF-? is enveloped by its pro-peptide, the latency-associated protein (LAP). Thus, active TGF-? must be released from the complex for binding to its receptor and inducing ECM synthesis. We recently reported that during the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, plasma kallikrein (PLK) activates TGF-? by cleavage between R(58) and L(59) residues within LAP and that one of its by-products, the N-terminal side LAP degradation products ending at residue R(58) (R(58) LAP-DPs), can be detected mainly around activated HSCs by specific antibodies against R(58) cleavage edges and functions as a footprint of PLK-dependent TGF-? activation. Here, we describe a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects the other by-products, the C-terminal side LAP-DPs starting from residue L(59) (L(59) LAP-DPs). We demonstrated that the L(59) LAP-DPs are a potentially novel blood biomarker reflecting hepatic fibrogenesis. RESULTS: We established a specific sandwich ELISA to quantify L(59) LAP-DPs as low as 2 pM and measured L(59) LAP-DP levels in the culture media of a human activated HSC line, TWNT-4 cells. L(59) LAP-DPs could be detected in their media, and after treatment of TWNT-4 cells with a TGF-? receptor kinase inhibitor, SB431542, a simultaneous reduction was observed in both L(59) LAP-DP levels in the culture media and the mRNA expression levels of collagen type (I) ?1. In carbon tetrachloride- and bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis models in mice, plasma L(59) LAP-DP levels increased prior to increase of hepatic hydroxyproline (HDP) contents and well correlated with ?-smooth muscle actin (?SMA) expression in liver tissues. At this time, ?SMA-positive cells as well as R(58) LAP-DPs were seen in their liver tissues. CONCLUSIONS: L(59) LAP-DPs reflect PLK-dependent TGF-? activation and the increase in ?SMA-positive activated HSCs in liver injury, thereby serving as a novel blood biomarker for liver fibrogenesis. äL(59) TGF-? LAP degradation products serve as a promising blood biomar(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing