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2015 ; 10
(9
): e0137429
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gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, with a
Striking Depletion of Species Belonging to Clostridia XIVa and IV Clusters
#MMPMID26367776
Miyake S
; Kim S
; Suda W
; Oshima K
; Nakamura M
; Matsuoka T
; Chihara N
; Tomita A
; Sato W
; Kim SW
; Morita H
; Hattori M
; Yamamura T
PLoS One
2015[]; 10
(9
): e0137429
PMID26367776
show ga
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease affecting the
brain and spinal cord, remains poorly understood. Patients with MS typically
present with recurrent episodes of neurological dysfunctions such as blindness,
paresis, and sensory disturbances. Studies on experimental autoimmune
encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal models have led to a number of testable hypotheses
including a hypothetical role of altered gut microbiota in the development of MS.
To investigate whether gut microbiota in patients with MS is altered, we compared
the gut microbiota of 20 Japanese patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS
(MS20) with that of 40 healthy Japanese subjects (HC40) and an additional 18
healthy subjects (HC18). All the HC18 subjects repeatedly provided fecal samples
over the course of months (158 samples in total). Analysis of the bacterial 16S
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene by using a high-throughput culture-independent
pyrosequencing method provided evidence of a moderate dysbiosis in the structure
of gut microbiota in patients with MS. Furthermore, we found 21 species that
showed significant differences in relative abundance between the MS20 and HC40
samples. On comparing MS samples to the 158 longitudinal HC18 samples, the
differences were found to be reproducibly significant for most of the species.
These taxa comprised primarily of clostridial species belonging to Clostridia
clusters XIVa and IV and Bacteroidetes. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed
that none of the clostridial species that were significantly reduced in the gut
microbiota of patients with MS overlapped with other spore-forming clostridial
species capable of inducing colonic regulatory T cells (Treg), which prevent
autoimmunity and allergies; this suggests that many of the clostridial species
associated with MS might be distinct from those broadly associated with
autoimmune conditions. Correcting the dysbiosis and altered gut microbiota might
deserve consideration as a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of
MS.